I mean clause 12 does give Congress the power to raise a real army, it's just that it's not supposed to stick around for more than two years at a time. In other words, it's supposed to be a temporary thing during wartime and then go away afterward.

There's no conflict with clause 14 because it's about Congress' power to govern and regulate the army during that two-year (or less) period while it's raised (as well as to govern and regulate the navy all the time).

Seems to me like Clause 14 might not apply to the militia mainly because Clause 16 would cover it more specifically (e.g. delineating the separation of governance between militia under state control vs. militia under Federal control).

Article 1, Section 8, Clause 12:

"The Congress shall have Power.... To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;"

That "no appropriation... for a longer term than two years" part was intended to prevent the establishment of a permanent standing army.

You can also tell that they really meant it because of the contrast with the next clause...

The Congress shall have power.... To provide and maintain a Navy;

...which pointedly does not contain any such limitation.

(Also, the real point of the Second Amendment was that the militia -- i.e. all able-bodied male citizens between age 17 and 45-- should be "well regulated" (which at the time meant "well-trained") and thus prepared to defend the security of the United States themselves. In other words, it was further reinforcement of the idea not to have a permanent professional army.)

Edit: forgot this was DIY for a second, sorry if this violates any rules. I’m an electrician by trade. To be honest, electrical, plumbing, and hvac should be left to professionals in my opinion.

I feel like it depends on the scope of the thing. I've done things such as like-for-like replacements of outlets and fixtures, soldering plumbing supply lines, and changing out a capacitor and a blower on my HVAC, and felt reasonably comfortable doing so. Things like running an entirely new electrical circuit, doing plumbing drain and vent lines, and diagnosing/fixing/recharging a refrigerant line issue or designing a new system (with Manual J calculations) would be considerably more intimidating.

(Also in the realm of electricity, there's one thing I've done that was 'on the bubble' of being beyond my confidence: I replaced a closet wall that had an outlet on it and needed to move it over such that the existing wires no longer reached, so I added a second outlet higher in the wall and facing into the closet so that I could run new wires from the closer box to the further one without burying splices or having a blank box. I think it's fine, but I'm not 100% sure it's free of code violations.)

You know what's really fucked up? The concept of "corporate personhood" that Citizens United depends upon was invented wholesale by a goddamn clerk! The Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. decision itself didn't actually address the issue; the clerk just wrote a headnote "assuming" that the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment applied to corporations for ~reasons~ and subsequent courts treated as if it were gospel.

Fun fact: the United States doesn't have a permanent standing Army either. At least, according to the Constitution it doesn't.

In addition to what the other guy said, the parole board also looks upon it unfavorably. You don't want to be a slave? Well then, for your "bad attitude" and "lack of rehabilitation," get ready to serve your whole sentence instead of only half of it.

I had absolutely no idea that it was possible for devastation like this to occur from a hurricane all the way in North Carolina.

That's because it's only really becoming a thing due to climate change.

Did you read the article I linked?

Here's the part that should've answered your question:

Initially, the privilege of incorporation was granted selectively to enable activities that benefited the public, such as construction of roads or canals. Enabling shareholders to profit was seen as a means to that end. The states also imposed conditions (some of which remain on the books, though unused) like these:

• Corporate charters (licenses to exist) were granted for a limited time and could be revoked promptly for violating laws.
• Corporations could engage only in activities necessary to fulfill their chartered purpose.
• Corporations could not own stock in other corporations nor own any property that was not essential to fulfilling their chartered purpose.
• Corporations were often terminated if they exceeded their authority or caused public harm.
• Owners and managers were responsible for criminal acts committed on the job.
• Corporations could not make any political or charitable contributions nor spend money to influence law-making.

The story here is right-wing-billionaire-owned centralized social media trying to push society into fascism.

Wait, WTF? He's engaged but the woman he's misrepresenting as his wife in the photo is somebody other than his fiance? What, did she get creeped out and refuse to do it or something?

Don't get me wrong, the whole thing is a big WTF, but that aspect of it is even more WTF-ish than the rest!

We should be subsiding more things that are in the public interest

Very much agreed! But...

programs that benefit the public should never be run by for-profit corporations.

I wouldn't go that far. In fact, I would actually go so far as to say kind of the opposite: that all "corporations," including "for-profit" ones, should be required to act in the public interest, as originally intended, and that any organization that doesn't want to be subject to those sorts of conditions is perfectly free to remain a full-liability general partnership instead of incorporating. Incorporation is a privilege intended to be granted in exchange for public benefit, and we need to get back to that instead of continuing to let the courts treat it as an entitlement.

I realize it’s not quite the same thing, but there are already corporations who pay private meteorologists for their services.

Short answer: no, there really aren't.

Long answer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMGn9T37eR8

People in the know understand why we tell crazy people they’ve been on the Kool-Aid.

Because you're unaware that Jim Jones was a cheapskate and bought knock-off "Flavor Aid" instead?

$ cmatrix | lolcat

As an engineer he approach problems with a practical to find the solution, but sometimes there are no practical solutions and people just need comfort/inspiration from their leaders.

Reminds me of that time on Star Trek: Lower Decks when Rutherford, the engineer, tried to switch careers:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUa8Iq2iQZk

The annoying thing is that they held us hostage for our free labor, but the results are proprietary for Google's benefit only.

That training data ought to be forced to be made freely available to the public, since we're the ones who actually created it.

You don’t want the stock market destroyed. That is how retirements are funded as well.

Thus illustrating [one of] the ulterior motive[s] behind replacing pensions with 401(k)s.

If you’re trying to affect public opinion,

Yeah, and they're not.

Throwing soup on art.

They did no such thing! They threw soup on glass, harmlessly.

Why are you lying about both their motives and their actions?

Okay, let me be clearer: they didn't vote to "approve" of the protestors. They voted to accede to the protestors demands even though they fucking hated MLK, because they had no choice.

What part of your study is measuring an irrelevant thing do you not fucking understand?