cuba collapsing. Special period part II total doom. Professor at the University of Havana, estimates the real population decrease was 18 percent, to 8.62 million, between 2022 and 2023

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In particular, food production has collapsed in the country. Alexis Rodríguez Pérez, a senior official at the Ministry of Agriculture, said the country produced 15,200 tons of beef in the first six months of this year. As a comparison, Cuba produced 172,300 tons of beef in 2022, already down 40% from 289,100 in 1989. Pork production fared even worse. The country produced barely 3,800 tons in the first six months of this year, compared to 149,000 tons in all of 2018.