You can explore a GUI if it's safe to do so. If a user has been burned by easily putting their system into an unrecoverable state, they develop a fear of exploring. "I don't want to change anything; I might break my computer / lose all my work / get a virus!" is a really common fear.
That’s an argument against bad GUI design [Edit:, not GUIs in general]. This can just as easily (if not more easily) happen in CLIs, where a single typo can fuck you up.
Not to say this is gospel truth or anything. It's just why I virtually always prefer a command line over a GUI. (Within reason.)
GUIs almost always hides/obfuscates/abstracts things that are going on under the hood in a way that text doesn't.
Anything I can do from a Bash terminal, I can automate pretty trivially. (Or even just press "up" and then "enter" to quickly redo it a second time.)
Pointing devices feel awkward and imprecise for a lot of operations. Pretty great for FPSs. Sometimes a necessary evil for image editing. Slow and sucky for setting a boolean value or putting your text cursor between two specific characters in a paragraph of text.
It's good to be able to use a terminal when your GUI's broken or frozen. Ctrl+alt+f2 or if even that doesn't work, ssh in from another box (or your phone).
It's a lot easier to paste a Bash one-liner into a chat or text file than describe a series of mouse clicks.
You learn a lot using Bash that you don't learn using GUIs. And that can come in handy.
That’s exactly my point. You can’t explore a CLI. You need to rely on external resource to first learn how to use it. That’s just not something you can ask of people who want to use computers as tools. When’s the last time you read your car manual?
Info pages, help and manuals are built into the system and commands. You don't have to leave the shell to read anything. I've also explored it just by pressing a letter or two and then autocomplete. But you realize that average people need help to figure out a GUI too, right?
A car manual is more comparable to learning how to drive in the first place. And yes, sometimes I've consulted the manual to figure out what lights mean or how controls work.
Sure you can explore a CLI. It's not unlike playing Zork. You can try something, read the response, and try something else. That's how I learned the CLI outside of specific command attributes
It's possible to do amazing things with a CLI in seconds that would be minutes of clicking with a GUI - that's why they still exist. And sure, it's tuned towards people who would be "how about I write a Python program to handle this".
You’re already assuming that command is a valid command. That’s an invalid assumption for an unitiated user. On the other hand, a first-time user can click on icons, or hover over them to find the tool tip. (That name in itself suggests that the GUI should be explored rather than taught.)