{"person_view":{"person":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"counts":{"person_id":12928092,"post_count":2,"comment_count":8},"is_admin":false},"site":{"id":117214,"name":"D•Scribe","sidebar":"# Welcome to D•Scribe \n*Our social link aggregation and discussion platform powered by [Lemmy](https://join-lemmy.org/)*\n`_.~\"~._.~\"~._.~\"~._.~\"~.__`\n\nThis is a fresh instance still in making, so expect some bumps ahead (and give feedback). \nWhile we are populating the instance, you can check for interesting communities to subscribe to at [Lemmyverse](https://lemmyverse.net/communities)\n`_.~\"~._.~\"~._.~\"~._.~\"~.__`\n\nFor more information on Disroot project check our [website](https://disroot.org/)\n","published":"2023-12-24T07:38:02.208697Z","updated":"2025-06-14T09:30:34.468756Z","icon":"https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/924a9b6c-bca5-4851-aadd-855b22cef9f0.png","banner":"https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/2d788884-2126-43a8-90fa-04c4fa9ec64d.png","description":"Disroot's Community Lemmy Instance","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/","last_refreshed_at":"2025-06-30T12:36:31.915287Z","inbox_url":"https://scribe.disroot.org/inbox","public_key":"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA5HggQvxJc0x1a+D5jWsw\nDBnEZKa//X4rEp+YLb0yJBBI24cTNyFg8ZySTGqP6y4toQGq9NaHnjvJNMzdaCAl\nr71Kr25536QKs4ZQ/AsxcOQ9DPg11nUN8ZyZ10DY0sK3akK5/9GwMH3oJRbHxdlq\nLR/g9yXxOEfR/0Gn0+/08dJM4Et6tWWcyfAwn3HmYJWQilrhJFlz3RSfYqV/vUEn\nVegGs/iBEDzG4QEtDsI6ot2GrLn2XeJN/9/QgjnqceGK7N+jbsxDq4sagNeSsnoX\nds4f5tCZ6kMQ9rkHYJPx+toF0kBghNDbnpSdAID+x+6+C6YT8ASxcWeFhDbiX9tG\nSwIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n","instance_id":4197},"comments":[{"comment":{"id":12515844,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14774516,"content":"Thanks, yeah I'm changing it now. I am new to server stuff in case that wasn't obvious, I just got a VPS and domain name as a bit of a personal project to learn more about server stuff :) Good to know all these things!","removed":false,"published":"2024-11-02T23:33:51.987865Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2496175","local":false,"path":"0.12511931.12513867.12513914.12515210.12515328.12515844","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14774516,"name":"[SOLVED] Tech support: Postfix + Dovecot mail server, can't receive mail or log in via Thunderbird","body":"Hi there, was thinking around of the best place to post this. Initially I thought maybe the Dovecot mailing list but I'm not sure if this is a Dovecot issue or if the issue lies with Postfix, so I figured maybe a more general Linux community. If people have suggestions about where I could post this that may have more people see it who are able/willing to help, I would also appreciate that.\n\nI apologise, this post will probably be quite long, so I really do appreciate if anyone takes the time to read it and give advice.\n\nAnyway, I was following [this tutorial](https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setup-basic-postfix-mail-sever-ubuntu) to set up a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot. The tutorial is for Ubuntu but I am using an Alpine Linux server, however the tutorial mostly concerns configuring Postfix and Dovecot which is distro-independent.\n\n# Deviations from the tutorial\n\nI followed the tutorial with the exceptions of the following (deviations listed in order of the part of the tutorial they deviated from, so hopefully this is easy to follow linearly):\n\nMy server's hostname is `domain.com` not `mail.domain.com` (`mail.domain.com` is what my MX record points to), but this shouldn't really matter as I configured postfix with:\n\n```conf\nmyhostname=mail.domain.com\nmydomain=domain.com\n```\n\nI installed packages with `apk` not `apt` obviously, and installed Postfix with `doas apk add postfix`.\n\nI didn't get the ncurses Postfix configuration popup when I installed or started Postfix.\n\nAlpine doesn't auto-start the Postfix service, so I did\n\n```sh\ndoas rc-update add postfix default\ndoas rc-service postfix start\n```\n\nI used `doas apk add mailutils --update-cache --repository https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/` to install and test the mail program.\n\nI didn't increase attachment size limit.\n\nAlpine doesn't seem to have a `dovecot-imapd` package, so I just installed `dovecot` and `dovecot-lmtpd`.\n\nWhen configuring `/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`, I also set `Drafts`, `Junk`, and `Sent Messages` to auto-create as well as `Trash`.\n\nI started the `dovecot` service the same way I did postfix above.\n\n# What works\n\nI can send mail with `sendmail` and GNU mailutils `mail`. The following works:\n\n```sh\necho \"test email\" | sendmail my@email.com\n```\n\nAnd\n\n```sh\nmail -a FROM:me@domain.com my@email.com\n```\n\n(where `domain.com` is my Postfix mail server, and `my@email.com` is my existing email address with an external provider)\n\nThe above results in me receiving the email in my spam folder at `my@email.com` from `me@domain.com`, email all appears normal to me.\n\n# The issue\n\nI've noticed two problems which may be related.\n\n## Can't log into Thunderbird\n\nFirstly, I can't log into Thunderbird. I get the following error:\n\n![](https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/bbc8077f-c68f-4bb0-b735-3c8a7305a3d6.png)\n\n(Transcription: Unable to log in at server. Probably wrong configuration, username or password.)\n\nTo log in, I am entering my email address at `user@domain.com`, where `user` is my UNIX user (which is part of the `mail` group), and `domain.com` is my domain. I entered my password as my user account's password.\n\nThunderbird seems to recognise my mail server as it auto configured to the following:\n\nINCOMING: IMAP, hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 993, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user` (i.e. without the `@domain.com`)\n\nOUTGOING: hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 465, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user`\n\nI have also tried the same configuration with `STARTTLS` and ports 143 and 587, to the same error.\n\n## Can't receive mail\n\nI've also tried to send myself emails from my other email addresses. I've tried two of my external email addresses so far. My email clients say they've sent the emails and they appear in my Sent folder, however my Protonmail has sent me some emails today from their mailer daemon complaining that `\nYour email could not be delivered for more than 12 hour(s).`:\n\n```\n: host domain.com[MY IP] said: 454 4.7.1\n : Relay access denied (in reply to RCPT TO command)\n```\n\nI've checked `/var/log/messages` (which is the Alpine Linux syslog) and found the following, which I don't know how to interpret:\n\n```\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: connect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1)\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=ESMTP helo=\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: disconnect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=6/8\n```\n\nI have dovecot configured to use the maildir format (or at least I think I do; I followed the tutorial to set it up to use maildir) but I don't see anything in my `~/Maildir` directory.\n\nRunning GNU `mail` results in the output:\n\n```\nCannot open mailbox /var/mail/user: No such file or directory\nNo mail for user\n```\n\n# My configuration\n\nOutput of `postconf -n`:\n\n```\ncommand_directory = /usr/sbin\ncompatibility_level = 3.9\ndaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix\ndata_directory = /var/lib/postfix\ndebug_peer_level = 2\ndebugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5\nhome_mailbox = Maildir/\nhtml_directory = no\ninet_protocols = ipv4\nmail_owner = postfix\nmailbox_size_limit = 0\nmailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp\nmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq\nmanpage_directory = /usr/share/man\nmeta_directory = /etc/postfix\nmydomain = domain.com\nmyhostname = mail.domain.com\nmyorigin = $mydomain\nnewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases\nqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfix\nreadme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/readme\nsample_directory = /etc/postfix\nsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail\nsetgid_group = postdrop\nshlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix\nsmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/fullchain.pem\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/privkey.pem\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache\nsmtputf8_enable = no\nunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550\n```\n\nOutput of `doveconf -n`:\n\n```\n# 2.3.21.1 (d492236fa0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\n# OS: Linux 6.6.58-0-lts x86_64 \n# Hostname: domain.com\nauth_debug = yes\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\nauth_username_format = %n\nauth_verbose = yes\nlog_path = /var/log/dovecot.log\nmail_debug = yes\nmail_location = maildir:~/Maildir\nmail_privileged_group = mail\nmbox_write_locks = fcntl\nnamespace inbox {\n inbox = yes\n location = \n mailbox Drafts {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Drafts\n }\n mailbox Junk {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Junk\n }\n mailbox Sent {\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox \"Sent Messages\" {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox Trash {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Trash\n }\n prefix = \n}\npassdb {\n args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users\n driver = passwd-file\n}\nprotocols = imap lmtp lmtp\nservice auth {\n unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0660\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nservice lmtp {\n unix_listener lmtp {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0600\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nssl = required\nssl_cert = rip= lport=993 rport=59318 local_name=mail.domain.com resp=\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): lookup: user=user file=/etc/dovecot/users\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Info: passwd-file(user,,): unknown user\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 18:11:13 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 3 user=user original_user=user@domain.com\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Info: Disconnected: Connection closed (auth failed, 3 attempts in 22 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=, lip=, TLS, session=\n```\n\nThanks for reading this fairly long post. Do ask if I need to provide any more configs, logs, etc. Appreciate any help, thanks in advance","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","updated":"2024-11-03T00:49:14.303952Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1229467","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12515844,"score":1,"upvotes":1,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-11-02T23:33:51.987865Z","child_count":1},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false},{"comment":{"id":12515820,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14774516,"content":"Hm, with that setup I always have dovecot complaining that it couldn't read `/etc/shadow` despite me adding `dovecot` to the `shadow` group and `/etc/shadow` having the permissions\n\n```\n-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 699 Nov 2 23:13 /etc/shadow\n```\n\nI ended up following the configuration [here](https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Small-Time_Email_with_Exim_and_Dovecot#Configuring_Dovecot) and manually managing an `/etc/dovecot/passwd` file with users and hashed passwords. With this setup I could log in and read my emails in Thunderbird.\n\nThanks for your help though! Even though I couldn't figure out how to set up using UNIX account password authentication, you still helped me figure out that the passdb/userdb settings were the issue so I could keep trying different options till they worked. And I suppose at least this method avoids the security concern of letting dovecot read my entire `/etc/shadow` file.","removed":false,"published":"2024-11-02T23:32:20.326232Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2496164","local":false,"path":"0.12512176.12513752.12514053.12515820","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14774516,"name":"[SOLVED] Tech support: Postfix + Dovecot mail server, can't receive mail or log in via Thunderbird","body":"Hi there, was thinking around of the best place to post this. Initially I thought maybe the Dovecot mailing list but I'm not sure if this is a Dovecot issue or if the issue lies with Postfix, so I figured maybe a more general Linux community. If people have suggestions about where I could post this that may have more people see it who are able/willing to help, I would also appreciate that.\n\nI apologise, this post will probably be quite long, so I really do appreciate if anyone takes the time to read it and give advice.\n\nAnyway, I was following [this tutorial](https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setup-basic-postfix-mail-sever-ubuntu) to set up a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot. The tutorial is for Ubuntu but I am using an Alpine Linux server, however the tutorial mostly concerns configuring Postfix and Dovecot which is distro-independent.\n\n# Deviations from the tutorial\n\nI followed the tutorial with the exceptions of the following (deviations listed in order of the part of the tutorial they deviated from, so hopefully this is easy to follow linearly):\n\nMy server's hostname is `domain.com` not `mail.domain.com` (`mail.domain.com` is what my MX record points to), but this shouldn't really matter as I configured postfix with:\n\n```conf\nmyhostname=mail.domain.com\nmydomain=domain.com\n```\n\nI installed packages with `apk` not `apt` obviously, and installed Postfix with `doas apk add postfix`.\n\nI didn't get the ncurses Postfix configuration popup when I installed or started Postfix.\n\nAlpine doesn't auto-start the Postfix service, so I did\n\n```sh\ndoas rc-update add postfix default\ndoas rc-service postfix start\n```\n\nI used `doas apk add mailutils --update-cache --repository https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/` to install and test the mail program.\n\nI didn't increase attachment size limit.\n\nAlpine doesn't seem to have a `dovecot-imapd` package, so I just installed `dovecot` and `dovecot-lmtpd`.\n\nWhen configuring `/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`, I also set `Drafts`, `Junk`, and `Sent Messages` to auto-create as well as `Trash`.\n\nI started the `dovecot` service the same way I did postfix above.\n\n# What works\n\nI can send mail with `sendmail` and GNU mailutils `mail`. The following works:\n\n```sh\necho \"test email\" | sendmail my@email.com\n```\n\nAnd\n\n```sh\nmail -a FROM:me@domain.com my@email.com\n```\n\n(where `domain.com` is my Postfix mail server, and `my@email.com` is my existing email address with an external provider)\n\nThe above results in me receiving the email in my spam folder at `my@email.com` from `me@domain.com`, email all appears normal to me.\n\n# The issue\n\nI've noticed two problems which may be related.\n\n## Can't log into Thunderbird\n\nFirstly, I can't log into Thunderbird. I get the following error:\n\n![](https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/bbc8077f-c68f-4bb0-b735-3c8a7305a3d6.png)\n\n(Transcription: Unable to log in at server. Probably wrong configuration, username or password.)\n\nTo log in, I am entering my email address at `user@domain.com`, where `user` is my UNIX user (which is part of the `mail` group), and `domain.com` is my domain. I entered my password as my user account's password.\n\nThunderbird seems to recognise my mail server as it auto configured to the following:\n\nINCOMING: IMAP, hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 993, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user` (i.e. without the `@domain.com`)\n\nOUTGOING: hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 465, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user`\n\nI have also tried the same configuration with `STARTTLS` and ports 143 and 587, to the same error.\n\n## Can't receive mail\n\nI've also tried to send myself emails from my other email addresses. I've tried two of my external email addresses so far. My email clients say they've sent the emails and they appear in my Sent folder, however my Protonmail has sent me some emails today from their mailer daemon complaining that `\nYour email could not be delivered for more than 12 hour(s).`:\n\n```\n: host domain.com[MY IP] said: 454 4.7.1\n : Relay access denied (in reply to RCPT TO command)\n```\n\nI've checked `/var/log/messages` (which is the Alpine Linux syslog) and found the following, which I don't know how to interpret:\n\n```\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: connect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1)\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=ESMTP helo=\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: disconnect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=6/8\n```\n\nI have dovecot configured to use the maildir format (or at least I think I do; I followed the tutorial to set it up to use maildir) but I don't see anything in my `~/Maildir` directory.\n\nRunning GNU `mail` results in the output:\n\n```\nCannot open mailbox /var/mail/user: No such file or directory\nNo mail for user\n```\n\n# My configuration\n\nOutput of `postconf -n`:\n\n```\ncommand_directory = /usr/sbin\ncompatibility_level = 3.9\ndaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix\ndata_directory = /var/lib/postfix\ndebug_peer_level = 2\ndebugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5\nhome_mailbox = Maildir/\nhtml_directory = no\ninet_protocols = ipv4\nmail_owner = postfix\nmailbox_size_limit = 0\nmailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp\nmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq\nmanpage_directory = /usr/share/man\nmeta_directory = /etc/postfix\nmydomain = domain.com\nmyhostname = mail.domain.com\nmyorigin = $mydomain\nnewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases\nqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfix\nreadme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/readme\nsample_directory = /etc/postfix\nsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail\nsetgid_group = postdrop\nshlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix\nsmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/fullchain.pem\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/privkey.pem\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache\nsmtputf8_enable = no\nunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550\n```\n\nOutput of `doveconf -n`:\n\n```\n# 2.3.21.1 (d492236fa0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\n# OS: Linux 6.6.58-0-lts x86_64 \n# Hostname: domain.com\nauth_debug = yes\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\nauth_username_format = %n\nauth_verbose = yes\nlog_path = /var/log/dovecot.log\nmail_debug = yes\nmail_location = maildir:~/Maildir\nmail_privileged_group = mail\nmbox_write_locks = fcntl\nnamespace inbox {\n inbox = yes\n location = \n mailbox Drafts {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Drafts\n }\n mailbox Junk {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Junk\n }\n mailbox Sent {\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox \"Sent Messages\" {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox Trash {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Trash\n }\n prefix = \n}\npassdb {\n args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users\n driver = passwd-file\n}\nprotocols = imap lmtp lmtp\nservice auth {\n unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0660\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nservice lmtp {\n unix_listener lmtp {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0600\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nssl = required\nssl_cert = rip= lport=993 rport=59318 local_name=mail.domain.com resp=\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): lookup: user=user file=/etc/dovecot/users\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Info: passwd-file(user,,): unknown user\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 18:11:13 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 3 user=user original_user=user@domain.com\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Info: Disconnected: Connection closed (auth failed, 3 attempts in 22 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=, lip=, TLS, session=\n```\n\nThanks for reading this fairly long post. Do ask if I need to provide any more configs, logs, etc. Appreciate any help, thanks in advance","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","updated":"2024-11-03T00:49:14.303952Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1229467","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12515820,"score":1,"upvotes":1,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-11-02T23:32:20.326232Z","child_count":1},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false},{"comment":{"id":12515210,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14774516,"content":"I meant that for my one IP address, I set it to have a PTR to multiple domain names. My VPS host allows me to add multiple domains to my IP address's PTR records. But yeah I'll change it to the NAME.domain.com you suggested","removed":false,"published":"2024-11-02T22:55:21.321408Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2495913","local":false,"path":"0.12511931.12513867.12513914.12515210","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14774516,"name":"[SOLVED] Tech support: Postfix + Dovecot mail server, can't receive mail or log in via Thunderbird","body":"Hi there, was thinking around of the best place to post this. Initially I thought maybe the Dovecot mailing list but I'm not sure if this is a Dovecot issue or if the issue lies with Postfix, so I figured maybe a more general Linux community. If people have suggestions about where I could post this that may have more people see it who are able/willing to help, I would also appreciate that.\n\nI apologise, this post will probably be quite long, so I really do appreciate if anyone takes the time to read it and give advice.\n\nAnyway, I was following [this tutorial](https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setup-basic-postfix-mail-sever-ubuntu) to set up a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot. The tutorial is for Ubuntu but I am using an Alpine Linux server, however the tutorial mostly concerns configuring Postfix and Dovecot which is distro-independent.\n\n# Deviations from the tutorial\n\nI followed the tutorial with the exceptions of the following (deviations listed in order of the part of the tutorial they deviated from, so hopefully this is easy to follow linearly):\n\nMy server's hostname is `domain.com` not `mail.domain.com` (`mail.domain.com` is what my MX record points to), but this shouldn't really matter as I configured postfix with:\n\n```conf\nmyhostname=mail.domain.com\nmydomain=domain.com\n```\n\nI installed packages with `apk` not `apt` obviously, and installed Postfix with `doas apk add postfix`.\n\nI didn't get the ncurses Postfix configuration popup when I installed or started Postfix.\n\nAlpine doesn't auto-start the Postfix service, so I did\n\n```sh\ndoas rc-update add postfix default\ndoas rc-service postfix start\n```\n\nI used `doas apk add mailutils --update-cache --repository https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/` to install and test the mail program.\n\nI didn't increase attachment size limit.\n\nAlpine doesn't seem to have a `dovecot-imapd` package, so I just installed `dovecot` and `dovecot-lmtpd`.\n\nWhen configuring `/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`, I also set `Drafts`, `Junk`, and `Sent Messages` to auto-create as well as `Trash`.\n\nI started the `dovecot` service the same way I did postfix above.\n\n# What works\n\nI can send mail with `sendmail` and GNU mailutils `mail`. The following works:\n\n```sh\necho \"test email\" | sendmail my@email.com\n```\n\nAnd\n\n```sh\nmail -a FROM:me@domain.com my@email.com\n```\n\n(where `domain.com` is my Postfix mail server, and `my@email.com` is my existing email address with an external provider)\n\nThe above results in me receiving the email in my spam folder at `my@email.com` from `me@domain.com`, email all appears normal to me.\n\n# The issue\n\nI've noticed two problems which may be related.\n\n## Can't log into Thunderbird\n\nFirstly, I can't log into Thunderbird. I get the following error:\n\n![](https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/bbc8077f-c68f-4bb0-b735-3c8a7305a3d6.png)\n\n(Transcription: Unable to log in at server. Probably wrong configuration, username or password.)\n\nTo log in, I am entering my email address at `user@domain.com`, where `user` is my UNIX user (which is part of the `mail` group), and `domain.com` is my domain. I entered my password as my user account's password.\n\nThunderbird seems to recognise my mail server as it auto configured to the following:\n\nINCOMING: IMAP, hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 993, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user` (i.e. without the `@domain.com`)\n\nOUTGOING: hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 465, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user`\n\nI have also tried the same configuration with `STARTTLS` and ports 143 and 587, to the same error.\n\n## Can't receive mail\n\nI've also tried to send myself emails from my other email addresses. I've tried two of my external email addresses so far. My email clients say they've sent the emails and they appear in my Sent folder, however my Protonmail has sent me some emails today from their mailer daemon complaining that `\nYour email could not be delivered for more than 12 hour(s).`:\n\n```\n: host domain.com[MY IP] said: 454 4.7.1\n : Relay access denied (in reply to RCPT TO command)\n```\n\nI've checked `/var/log/messages` (which is the Alpine Linux syslog) and found the following, which I don't know how to interpret:\n\n```\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: connect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1)\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=ESMTP helo=\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: disconnect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=6/8\n```\n\nI have dovecot configured to use the maildir format (or at least I think I do; I followed the tutorial to set it up to use maildir) but I don't see anything in my `~/Maildir` directory.\n\nRunning GNU `mail` results in the output:\n\n```\nCannot open mailbox /var/mail/user: No such file or directory\nNo mail for user\n```\n\n# My configuration\n\nOutput of `postconf -n`:\n\n```\ncommand_directory = /usr/sbin\ncompatibility_level = 3.9\ndaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix\ndata_directory = /var/lib/postfix\ndebug_peer_level = 2\ndebugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5\nhome_mailbox = Maildir/\nhtml_directory = no\ninet_protocols = ipv4\nmail_owner = postfix\nmailbox_size_limit = 0\nmailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp\nmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq\nmanpage_directory = /usr/share/man\nmeta_directory = /etc/postfix\nmydomain = domain.com\nmyhostname = mail.domain.com\nmyorigin = $mydomain\nnewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases\nqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfix\nreadme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/readme\nsample_directory = /etc/postfix\nsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail\nsetgid_group = postdrop\nshlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix\nsmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/fullchain.pem\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/privkey.pem\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache\nsmtputf8_enable = no\nunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550\n```\n\nOutput of `doveconf -n`:\n\n```\n# 2.3.21.1 (d492236fa0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\n# OS: Linux 6.6.58-0-lts x86_64 \n# Hostname: domain.com\nauth_debug = yes\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\nauth_username_format = %n\nauth_verbose = yes\nlog_path = /var/log/dovecot.log\nmail_debug = yes\nmail_location = maildir:~/Maildir\nmail_privileged_group = mail\nmbox_write_locks = fcntl\nnamespace inbox {\n inbox = yes\n location = \n mailbox Drafts {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Drafts\n }\n mailbox Junk {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Junk\n }\n mailbox Sent {\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox \"Sent Messages\" {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox Trash {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Trash\n }\n prefix = \n}\npassdb {\n args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users\n driver = passwd-file\n}\nprotocols = imap lmtp lmtp\nservice auth {\n unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0660\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nservice lmtp {\n unix_listener lmtp {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0600\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nssl = required\nssl_cert = rip= lport=993 rport=59318 local_name=mail.domain.com resp=\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): lookup: user=user file=/etc/dovecot/users\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Info: passwd-file(user,,): unknown user\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 18:11:13 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 3 user=user original_user=user@domain.com\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Info: Disconnected: Connection closed (auth failed, 3 attempts in 22 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=, lip=, TLS, session=\n```\n\nThanks for reading this fairly long post. Do ask if I need to provide any more configs, logs, etc. Appreciate any help, thanks in advance","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","updated":"2024-11-03T00:49:14.303952Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1229467","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12515210,"score":1,"upvotes":1,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-11-02T22:55:21.321408Z","child_count":4},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false},{"comment":{"id":12515188,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14774516,"content":"Thank you! I can now receive mail and my Maildir is being populated :)\n\n> Set system hostname, PTR, and myhostname to NAME.domain.com where NAME is a unique name that you made up (e.g. I have ‘polaris.dblsaiko.net’). This also makes adding more hosts later less awkward (as opposed to having the hostname be domain.com).\n\nCheers, will do","removed":false,"published":"2024-11-02T22:54:23.625124Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2495901","local":false,"path":"0.12511931.12513867.12513868.12515188","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14774516,"name":"[SOLVED] Tech support: Postfix + Dovecot mail server, can't receive mail or log in via Thunderbird","body":"Hi there, was thinking around of the best place to post this. Initially I thought maybe the Dovecot mailing list but I'm not sure if this is a Dovecot issue or if the issue lies with Postfix, so I figured maybe a more general Linux community. If people have suggestions about where I could post this that may have more people see it who are able/willing to help, I would also appreciate that.\n\nI apologise, this post will probably be quite long, so I really do appreciate if anyone takes the time to read it and give advice.\n\nAnyway, I was following [this tutorial](https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setup-basic-postfix-mail-sever-ubuntu) to set up a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot. The tutorial is for Ubuntu but I am using an Alpine Linux server, however the tutorial mostly concerns configuring Postfix and Dovecot which is distro-independent.\n\n# Deviations from the tutorial\n\nI followed the tutorial with the exceptions of the following (deviations listed in order of the part of the tutorial they deviated from, so hopefully this is easy to follow linearly):\n\nMy server's hostname is `domain.com` not `mail.domain.com` (`mail.domain.com` is what my MX record points to), but this shouldn't really matter as I configured postfix with:\n\n```conf\nmyhostname=mail.domain.com\nmydomain=domain.com\n```\n\nI installed packages with `apk` not `apt` obviously, and installed Postfix with `doas apk add postfix`.\n\nI didn't get the ncurses Postfix configuration popup when I installed or started Postfix.\n\nAlpine doesn't auto-start the Postfix service, so I did\n\n```sh\ndoas rc-update add postfix default\ndoas rc-service postfix start\n```\n\nI used `doas apk add mailutils --update-cache --repository https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/` to install and test the mail program.\n\nI didn't increase attachment size limit.\n\nAlpine doesn't seem to have a `dovecot-imapd` package, so I just installed `dovecot` and `dovecot-lmtpd`.\n\nWhen configuring `/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`, I also set `Drafts`, `Junk`, and `Sent Messages` to auto-create as well as `Trash`.\n\nI started the `dovecot` service the same way I did postfix above.\n\n# What works\n\nI can send mail with `sendmail` and GNU mailutils `mail`. The following works:\n\n```sh\necho \"test email\" | sendmail my@email.com\n```\n\nAnd\n\n```sh\nmail -a FROM:me@domain.com my@email.com\n```\n\n(where `domain.com` is my Postfix mail server, and `my@email.com` is my existing email address with an external provider)\n\nThe above results in me receiving the email in my spam folder at `my@email.com` from `me@domain.com`, email all appears normal to me.\n\n# The issue\n\nI've noticed two problems which may be related.\n\n## Can't log into Thunderbird\n\nFirstly, I can't log into Thunderbird. I get the following error:\n\n![](https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/bbc8077f-c68f-4bb0-b735-3c8a7305a3d6.png)\n\n(Transcription: Unable to log in at server. Probably wrong configuration, username or password.)\n\nTo log in, I am entering my email address at `user@domain.com`, where `user` is my UNIX user (which is part of the `mail` group), and `domain.com` is my domain. I entered my password as my user account's password.\n\nThunderbird seems to recognise my mail server as it auto configured to the following:\n\nINCOMING: IMAP, hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 993, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user` (i.e. without the `@domain.com`)\n\nOUTGOING: hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 465, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user`\n\nI have also tried the same configuration with `STARTTLS` and ports 143 and 587, to the same error.\n\n## Can't receive mail\n\nI've also tried to send myself emails from my other email addresses. I've tried two of my external email addresses so far. My email clients say they've sent the emails and they appear in my Sent folder, however my Protonmail has sent me some emails today from their mailer daemon complaining that `\nYour email could not be delivered for more than 12 hour(s).`:\n\n```\n: host domain.com[MY IP] said: 454 4.7.1\n : Relay access denied (in reply to RCPT TO command)\n```\n\nI've checked `/var/log/messages` (which is the Alpine Linux syslog) and found the following, which I don't know how to interpret:\n\n```\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: connect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1)\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=ESMTP helo=\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: disconnect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=6/8\n```\n\nI have dovecot configured to use the maildir format (or at least I think I do; I followed the tutorial to set it up to use maildir) but I don't see anything in my `~/Maildir` directory.\n\nRunning GNU `mail` results in the output:\n\n```\nCannot open mailbox /var/mail/user: No such file or directory\nNo mail for user\n```\n\n# My configuration\n\nOutput of `postconf -n`:\n\n```\ncommand_directory = /usr/sbin\ncompatibility_level = 3.9\ndaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix\ndata_directory = /var/lib/postfix\ndebug_peer_level = 2\ndebugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5\nhome_mailbox = Maildir/\nhtml_directory = no\ninet_protocols = ipv4\nmail_owner = postfix\nmailbox_size_limit = 0\nmailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp\nmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq\nmanpage_directory = /usr/share/man\nmeta_directory = /etc/postfix\nmydomain = domain.com\nmyhostname = mail.domain.com\nmyorigin = $mydomain\nnewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases\nqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfix\nreadme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/readme\nsample_directory = /etc/postfix\nsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail\nsetgid_group = postdrop\nshlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix\nsmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/fullchain.pem\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/privkey.pem\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache\nsmtputf8_enable = no\nunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550\n```\n\nOutput of `doveconf -n`:\n\n```\n# 2.3.21.1 (d492236fa0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\n# OS: Linux 6.6.58-0-lts x86_64 \n# Hostname: domain.com\nauth_debug = yes\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\nauth_username_format = %n\nauth_verbose = yes\nlog_path = /var/log/dovecot.log\nmail_debug = yes\nmail_location = maildir:~/Maildir\nmail_privileged_group = mail\nmbox_write_locks = fcntl\nnamespace inbox {\n inbox = yes\n location = \n mailbox Drafts {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Drafts\n }\n mailbox Junk {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Junk\n }\n mailbox Sent {\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox \"Sent Messages\" {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox Trash {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Trash\n }\n prefix = \n}\npassdb {\n args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users\n driver = passwd-file\n}\nprotocols = imap lmtp lmtp\nservice auth {\n unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0660\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nservice lmtp {\n unix_listener lmtp {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0600\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nssl = required\nssl_cert = rip= lport=993 rport=59318 local_name=mail.domain.com resp=\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): lookup: user=user file=/etc/dovecot/users\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Info: passwd-file(user,,): unknown user\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 18:11:13 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 3 user=user original_user=user@domain.com\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Info: Disconnected: Connection closed (auth failed, 3 attempts in 22 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=, lip=, TLS, session=\n```\n\nThanks for reading this fairly long post. Do ask if I need to provide any more configs, logs, etc. Appreciate any help, thanks in advance","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","updated":"2024-11-03T00:49:14.303952Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1229467","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12515188,"score":2,"upvotes":2,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-11-02T22:54:23.625124Z","child_count":1},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false},{"comment":{"id":12513752,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14774516,"content":"Hm, still no luck. I now have\n\n```\npassdb {\n driver = passwd\n}\nuserdb {\n driver = passwd\n}\n```\n\nto be as simple as I can. I'm now getting\n\n```\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: Read auth token secret from /run/dovecot/auth-token-secret.dat\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=12662)\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: client in: AUTH 1 PLAIN service=imap secured=tls session=JNRsffQlRuXBIH/a lip= rip= lport=993 rport=58694 local_name=mail.domain.com\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: client passdb out: CONT 1 \nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: client in: CONT\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: passwd(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/auth\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/auth/lib20_auth_var_expand_crypt.so\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): Server accepted connection (fd=13)\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): Sending version handshake\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): auth-worker<1>: Handling PASSV request\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): auth-worker<1>: passwd(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): auth-worker<1>: passwd(user,,): lookup\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Info: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): auth-worker<1>: passwd(user,,): Password mismatch\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): auth-worker<1>: passwd(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth-worker(12667): Debug: conn unix:auth-worker (pid=12664,uid=90): auth-worker<1>: Finished: password_mismatch\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: passwd(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 21:11:06 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 21:11:08 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 1 user=user\n```\n\nIn my dovecot logs. It claims a password mismatch, but I am pretty sure the password is the password to my UNIX user, copy and pasted from my password manager. I can log into my user through VNC by pasting this password and authenticate doas with this password, so unless it somehow pastes differently into Thunderbird...\n\nI also tried authenticating with PAM instead but got\n\n```\nNov 02 21:03:23 auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/auth\nNov 02 21:03:23 auth: Fatal: Support not compiled in for passdb driver 'pam'\n```\n\nSo I guess unfortunately the dovecot binary Alpine distributes doesn't support pam. I might try install a version compiled with pam support just to test it but I'd rather just use the dovecot from my package manager if I can get it to work.\n\n> Have you set up the users in that file (/etc/dovecot/users) if you even want to do that instead of just using passwd?\n\nYep I do want to use passwd/UNIX users, not a users file. Thanks for pointing that out—the tutorial didn't mention it so I assumed I didn't need to change that to get it working with UNIX users.\n\nWhat do you have your `passdb` set to if you don't mind me asking?","removed":false,"published":"2024-11-02T21:23:23.502689Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2495254","local":false,"path":"0.12512176.12513752","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14774516,"name":"[SOLVED] Tech support: Postfix + Dovecot mail server, can't receive mail or log in via Thunderbird","body":"Hi there, was thinking around of the best place to post this. Initially I thought maybe the Dovecot mailing list but I'm not sure if this is a Dovecot issue or if the issue lies with Postfix, so I figured maybe a more general Linux community. If people have suggestions about where I could post this that may have more people see it who are able/willing to help, I would also appreciate that.\n\nI apologise, this post will probably be quite long, so I really do appreciate if anyone takes the time to read it and give advice.\n\nAnyway, I was following [this tutorial](https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setup-basic-postfix-mail-sever-ubuntu) to set up a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot. The tutorial is for Ubuntu but I am using an Alpine Linux server, however the tutorial mostly concerns configuring Postfix and Dovecot which is distro-independent.\n\n# Deviations from the tutorial\n\nI followed the tutorial with the exceptions of the following (deviations listed in order of the part of the tutorial they deviated from, so hopefully this is easy to follow linearly):\n\nMy server's hostname is `domain.com` not `mail.domain.com` (`mail.domain.com` is what my MX record points to), but this shouldn't really matter as I configured postfix with:\n\n```conf\nmyhostname=mail.domain.com\nmydomain=domain.com\n```\n\nI installed packages with `apk` not `apt` obviously, and installed Postfix with `doas apk add postfix`.\n\nI didn't get the ncurses Postfix configuration popup when I installed or started Postfix.\n\nAlpine doesn't auto-start the Postfix service, so I did\n\n```sh\ndoas rc-update add postfix default\ndoas rc-service postfix start\n```\n\nI used `doas apk add mailutils --update-cache --repository https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/` to install and test the mail program.\n\nI didn't increase attachment size limit.\n\nAlpine doesn't seem to have a `dovecot-imapd` package, so I just installed `dovecot` and `dovecot-lmtpd`.\n\nWhen configuring `/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`, I also set `Drafts`, `Junk`, and `Sent Messages` to auto-create as well as `Trash`.\n\nI started the `dovecot` service the same way I did postfix above.\n\n# What works\n\nI can send mail with `sendmail` and GNU mailutils `mail`. The following works:\n\n```sh\necho \"test email\" | sendmail my@email.com\n```\n\nAnd\n\n```sh\nmail -a FROM:me@domain.com my@email.com\n```\n\n(where `domain.com` is my Postfix mail server, and `my@email.com` is my existing email address with an external provider)\n\nThe above results in me receiving the email in my spam folder at `my@email.com` from `me@domain.com`, email all appears normal to me.\n\n# The issue\n\nI've noticed two problems which may be related.\n\n## Can't log into Thunderbird\n\nFirstly, I can't log into Thunderbird. I get the following error:\n\n![](https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/bbc8077f-c68f-4bb0-b735-3c8a7305a3d6.png)\n\n(Transcription: Unable to log in at server. Probably wrong configuration, username or password.)\n\nTo log in, I am entering my email address at `user@domain.com`, where `user` is my UNIX user (which is part of the `mail` group), and `domain.com` is my domain. I entered my password as my user account's password.\n\nThunderbird seems to recognise my mail server as it auto configured to the following:\n\nINCOMING: IMAP, hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 993, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user` (i.e. without the `@domain.com`)\n\nOUTGOING: hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 465, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user`\n\nI have also tried the same configuration with `STARTTLS` and ports 143 and 587, to the same error.\n\n## Can't receive mail\n\nI've also tried to send myself emails from my other email addresses. I've tried two of my external email addresses so far. My email clients say they've sent the emails and they appear in my Sent folder, however my Protonmail has sent me some emails today from their mailer daemon complaining that `\nYour email could not be delivered for more than 12 hour(s).`:\n\n```\n: host domain.com[MY IP] said: 454 4.7.1\n : Relay access denied (in reply to RCPT TO command)\n```\n\nI've checked `/var/log/messages` (which is the Alpine Linux syslog) and found the following, which I don't know how to interpret:\n\n```\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: connect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1)\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=ESMTP helo=\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: disconnect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=6/8\n```\n\nI have dovecot configured to use the maildir format (or at least I think I do; I followed the tutorial to set it up to use maildir) but I don't see anything in my `~/Maildir` directory.\n\nRunning GNU `mail` results in the output:\n\n```\nCannot open mailbox /var/mail/user: No such file or directory\nNo mail for user\n```\n\n# My configuration\n\nOutput of `postconf -n`:\n\n```\ncommand_directory = /usr/sbin\ncompatibility_level = 3.9\ndaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix\ndata_directory = /var/lib/postfix\ndebug_peer_level = 2\ndebugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5\nhome_mailbox = Maildir/\nhtml_directory = no\ninet_protocols = ipv4\nmail_owner = postfix\nmailbox_size_limit = 0\nmailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp\nmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq\nmanpage_directory = /usr/share/man\nmeta_directory = /etc/postfix\nmydomain = domain.com\nmyhostname = mail.domain.com\nmyorigin = $mydomain\nnewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases\nqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfix\nreadme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/readme\nsample_directory = /etc/postfix\nsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail\nsetgid_group = postdrop\nshlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix\nsmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/fullchain.pem\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/privkey.pem\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache\nsmtputf8_enable = no\nunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550\n```\n\nOutput of `doveconf -n`:\n\n```\n# 2.3.21.1 (d492236fa0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\n# OS: Linux 6.6.58-0-lts x86_64 \n# Hostname: domain.com\nauth_debug = yes\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\nauth_username_format = %n\nauth_verbose = yes\nlog_path = /var/log/dovecot.log\nmail_debug = yes\nmail_location = maildir:~/Maildir\nmail_privileged_group = mail\nmbox_write_locks = fcntl\nnamespace inbox {\n inbox = yes\n location = \n mailbox Drafts {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Drafts\n }\n mailbox Junk {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Junk\n }\n mailbox Sent {\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox \"Sent Messages\" {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox Trash {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Trash\n }\n prefix = \n}\npassdb {\n args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users\n driver = passwd-file\n}\nprotocols = imap lmtp lmtp\nservice auth {\n unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0660\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nservice lmtp {\n unix_listener lmtp {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0600\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nssl = required\nssl_cert = rip= lport=993 rport=59318 local_name=mail.domain.com resp=\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): lookup: user=user file=/etc/dovecot/users\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Info: passwd-file(user,,): unknown user\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 18:11:13 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 3 user=user original_user=user@domain.com\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Info: Disconnected: Connection closed (auth failed, 3 attempts in 22 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=, lip=, TLS, session=\n```\n\nThanks for reading this fairly long post. Do ask if I need to provide any more configs, logs, etc. Appreciate any help, thanks in advance","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","updated":"2024-11-03T00:49:14.303952Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1229467","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12513752,"score":1,"upvotes":1,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-11-02T21:23:23.502689Z","child_count":3},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false},{"comment":{"id":12513867,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14774516,"content":"Thanks, I added `$mydomain` to `mydestination`. It seems to be sending although I can't see my mail in `~/Maildir`, but this is in the syslog now:\n\n```\nNov 2 20:45:46 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[29768]: Anonymous TLS connection es\ntablished from mail-43167.protonmail.ch[185.70.43.167]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_\n256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1\n) server-digest SHA256\nNov 2 20:45:46 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[29768]: C2E9F125DF5: client=mail-43\n167.protonmail.ch[185.70.43.167]\nNov 2 20:45:46 domain mail.info postfix/cleanup[29773]: C2E9F125DF5: message-id=<\nid@protonmail.com>\nNov 2 20:45:46 domain mail.info postfix/qmgr[29128]: C2E9F125DF5: from=, size=5933, nrcpt=1 (queue active)\nNov 2 20:45:46 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[29768]: disconnect from mail-43167.\nprotonmail.ch[185.70.43.167] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=\n7\nNov 2 20:45:46 domain mail.info postfix/local[29775]: C2E9F125DF5: passing to transport=lmtp\nNov 2 20:45:46 domain mail.info postfix/lmtp[29776]: C2E9F125DF5: to=, relay=none, delay=0.05, delays=0.04/0.01/0.01/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred\n (connect to mail.domain.com[private/dovecot-lmtp]: No such file or directory)\n```\n\nI think the last message in the log indicates what's wrong but I don't know how to fix it.\n\n> You’ll want those to match up, system hostname and postfix’s myhostname, since you’ll need to set the PTR record of your IP to match the hostname your SMTP server identifies itself as, and otherwise your server’s IP resolves to mail.domain.com while the canonical hostname is domain.com. It will work for mail, it’ll just not be nice when your server’s IP resolves to mail.domain.com for stuff that isn’t mail and that isn’t the canonical hostname. I recommend giving it some other hostname (or just setting both to mail.domain.com if the system just handles mail).\n\nSo I have the mail server on a server that's hosting a bunch of things on this domain. All the things I'm hosting have the same IP address. On `domain.com` is a static website (hosted on the same server & IP) for instance.\n\nWhat would you suggest I set the PTR record to? I don't really want to pay my VPS host for more IP addresses if it's not necessary, but I can if there will be significant problems caused by sharing this IP address. Currently I have multiple PTR records for all the subdomains I'm using, which hasn't caused problems yet...","removed":false,"published":"2024-11-02T20:58:10.217297Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2495091","local":false,"path":"0.12511931.12513867","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14774516,"name":"[SOLVED] Tech support: Postfix + Dovecot mail server, can't receive mail or log in via Thunderbird","body":"Hi there, was thinking around of the best place to post this. Initially I thought maybe the Dovecot mailing list but I'm not sure if this is a Dovecot issue or if the issue lies with Postfix, so I figured maybe a more general Linux community. If people have suggestions about where I could post this that may have more people see it who are able/willing to help, I would also appreciate that.\n\nI apologise, this post will probably be quite long, so I really do appreciate if anyone takes the time to read it and give advice.\n\nAnyway, I was following [this tutorial](https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setup-basic-postfix-mail-sever-ubuntu) to set up a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot. The tutorial is for Ubuntu but I am using an Alpine Linux server, however the tutorial mostly concerns configuring Postfix and Dovecot which is distro-independent.\n\n# Deviations from the tutorial\n\nI followed the tutorial with the exceptions of the following (deviations listed in order of the part of the tutorial they deviated from, so hopefully this is easy to follow linearly):\n\nMy server's hostname is `domain.com` not `mail.domain.com` (`mail.domain.com` is what my MX record points to), but this shouldn't really matter as I configured postfix with:\n\n```conf\nmyhostname=mail.domain.com\nmydomain=domain.com\n```\n\nI installed packages with `apk` not `apt` obviously, and installed Postfix with `doas apk add postfix`.\n\nI didn't get the ncurses Postfix configuration popup when I installed or started Postfix.\n\nAlpine doesn't auto-start the Postfix service, so I did\n\n```sh\ndoas rc-update add postfix default\ndoas rc-service postfix start\n```\n\nI used `doas apk add mailutils --update-cache --repository https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/` to install and test the mail program.\n\nI didn't increase attachment size limit.\n\nAlpine doesn't seem to have a `dovecot-imapd` package, so I just installed `dovecot` and `dovecot-lmtpd`.\n\nWhen configuring `/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`, I also set `Drafts`, `Junk`, and `Sent Messages` to auto-create as well as `Trash`.\n\nI started the `dovecot` service the same way I did postfix above.\n\n# What works\n\nI can send mail with `sendmail` and GNU mailutils `mail`. The following works:\n\n```sh\necho \"test email\" | sendmail my@email.com\n```\n\nAnd\n\n```sh\nmail -a FROM:me@domain.com my@email.com\n```\n\n(where `domain.com` is my Postfix mail server, and `my@email.com` is my existing email address with an external provider)\n\nThe above results in me receiving the email in my spam folder at `my@email.com` from `me@domain.com`, email all appears normal to me.\n\n# The issue\n\nI've noticed two problems which may be related.\n\n## Can't log into Thunderbird\n\nFirstly, I can't log into Thunderbird. I get the following error:\n\n![](https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/bbc8077f-c68f-4bb0-b735-3c8a7305a3d6.png)\n\n(Transcription: Unable to log in at server. Probably wrong configuration, username or password.)\n\nTo log in, I am entering my email address at `user@domain.com`, where `user` is my UNIX user (which is part of the `mail` group), and `domain.com` is my domain. I entered my password as my user account's password.\n\nThunderbird seems to recognise my mail server as it auto configured to the following:\n\nINCOMING: IMAP, hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 993, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user` (i.e. without the `@domain.com`)\n\nOUTGOING: hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 465, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user`\n\nI have also tried the same configuration with `STARTTLS` and ports 143 and 587, to the same error.\n\n## Can't receive mail\n\nI've also tried to send myself emails from my other email addresses. I've tried two of my external email addresses so far. My email clients say they've sent the emails and they appear in my Sent folder, however my Protonmail has sent me some emails today from their mailer daemon complaining that `\nYour email could not be delivered for more than 12 hour(s).`:\n\n```\n: host domain.com[MY IP] said: 454 4.7.1\n : Relay access denied (in reply to RCPT TO command)\n```\n\nI've checked `/var/log/messages` (which is the Alpine Linux syslog) and found the following, which I don't know how to interpret:\n\n```\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: connect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1)\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=ESMTP helo=\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: disconnect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=6/8\n```\n\nI have dovecot configured to use the maildir format (or at least I think I do; I followed the tutorial to set it up to use maildir) but I don't see anything in my `~/Maildir` directory.\n\nRunning GNU `mail` results in the output:\n\n```\nCannot open mailbox /var/mail/user: No such file or directory\nNo mail for user\n```\n\n# My configuration\n\nOutput of `postconf -n`:\n\n```\ncommand_directory = /usr/sbin\ncompatibility_level = 3.9\ndaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix\ndata_directory = /var/lib/postfix\ndebug_peer_level = 2\ndebugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5\nhome_mailbox = Maildir/\nhtml_directory = no\ninet_protocols = ipv4\nmail_owner = postfix\nmailbox_size_limit = 0\nmailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp\nmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq\nmanpage_directory = /usr/share/man\nmeta_directory = /etc/postfix\nmydomain = domain.com\nmyhostname = mail.domain.com\nmyorigin = $mydomain\nnewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases\nqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfix\nreadme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/readme\nsample_directory = /etc/postfix\nsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail\nsetgid_group = postdrop\nshlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix\nsmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/fullchain.pem\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/privkey.pem\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache\nsmtputf8_enable = no\nunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550\n```\n\nOutput of `doveconf -n`:\n\n```\n# 2.3.21.1 (d492236fa0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\n# OS: Linux 6.6.58-0-lts x86_64 \n# Hostname: domain.com\nauth_debug = yes\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\nauth_username_format = %n\nauth_verbose = yes\nlog_path = /var/log/dovecot.log\nmail_debug = yes\nmail_location = maildir:~/Maildir\nmail_privileged_group = mail\nmbox_write_locks = fcntl\nnamespace inbox {\n inbox = yes\n location = \n mailbox Drafts {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Drafts\n }\n mailbox Junk {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Junk\n }\n mailbox Sent {\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox \"Sent Messages\" {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox Trash {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Trash\n }\n prefix = \n}\npassdb {\n args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users\n driver = passwd-file\n}\nprotocols = imap lmtp lmtp\nservice auth {\n unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0660\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nservice lmtp {\n unix_listener lmtp {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0600\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nssl = required\nssl_cert = rip= lport=993 rport=59318 local_name=mail.domain.com resp=\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): lookup: user=user file=/etc/dovecot/users\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Info: passwd-file(user,,): unknown user\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 18:11:13 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 3 user=user original_user=user@domain.com\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Info: Disconnected: Connection closed (auth failed, 3 attempts in 22 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=, lip=, TLS, session=\n```\n\nThanks for reading this fairly long post. Do ask if I need to provide any more configs, logs, etc. Appreciate any help, thanks in advance","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","updated":"2024-11-03T00:49:14.303952Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1229467","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12513867,"score":0,"upvotes":0,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-11-02T20:58:10.217297Z","child_count":9},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false},{"comment":{"id":12472633,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14343647,"content":"I wanted to reply just as an update as I finally got round to migrating my Nextcloud instance to be behind nginx, and should anyone else stumble upon this thread maybe this will help you.\n\nI think you misunderstood my question btw but don't worry, I figured it out anyway.\n\nMy question was about whether or not I could transfer my Nextcloud instance (including data) to be behind a reverse proxy. The answer is simply yes, you can use the same Docker volumes and it'll be the \"same\" Nextcloud instance (ie exact same config, user data, etc, no need to set anything up again).\n\nIf you've already followed [these instructions](https://github.com/nextcloud/all-in-one/blob/main/readme.md#how-to-use-this) on a server that doesn't already have a web server running, just take your containers down and follow [Nextcloud AIO's reverse proxy guide](https://github.com/nextcloud/all-in-one/blob/main/reverse-proxy.md). If you use the commands suggested in both guides, the volume names will be the same, so the new docker container will use the same volume that the old docker container used. You'll have to delete or rename the old containers so Docker doesn't complain about a container by the same name already existing.","removed":false,"published":"2024-11-01T00:17:06.430632Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2475070","local":false,"path":"0.12236559.12254698.12254917.12472633","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14343647,"name":"Noob question about hosting multiple services on one server and DNS records","body":"Hi there, I will preface this by saying that I'm brand new to server stuff. I have used Linux for a very long time as a personal desktop computer, but not as a server exposed to the internet. I've previously only hosted Minecraft servers for my friends and also once had a VPS for a Discord bot, but otherwise never touched servers.\n\nI've bought a VPS and domain name (let's call it `domain.com`) and have spun up a Nextcloud instance with it, currently at `cloud.domain.com`. It's all working smoothly and I'm happy with it.\n\nI wanted to use this VPS to host multiple services. Currently wanting to self-host the following:\n\n* Mail server\n* Mastodon instance\n* Matrix server\n* Static website (on `domain.com`)\n* Forgejo instance\n* Possibly other miscellaneous things I might want to put on it, but that's what I'm planning for now\n\nNow this is where the noob question comes in. I want to use this same VPS to host these services, probably as Docker containers, under subdomains like `mail.domain.com`, `mastodon.domain.com`, `matrix.domain.com`, etc, with the root domain being used to host my static website. Is it possible to do this all on one VPS? What about all on one IP address just using different ports? e.g. could I have `mastodon.domain.com` pointing to the same IP address as `cloud.domain.com` but just a different port? How do I set up the DNS records to do this?\n\nCurrently I have an A record at `domain.com` pointing to my VPS's IP address (so I can ssh into it with `ssh 0v0@domain.com`) and a CNAME record at `cloud.domain.com` pointing to `domain.com`. This was kind of a complete guess as to how to set this up as this is my first time managing a domain name and I didn't know anything about DNS records before doing this. It seems to work with my current setup of just using the VPS for Nextcloud but obviously I want to do more with this VPS, either that or I'd like to reduce the specs of this VPS to save money as I picked an option that I imagined would be capable of hosting all these things. Is it possible to set up DNS records such that when you connect to `subdomain.domain.com` it connects you to a specific port? Or is that not something DNS records can do, but I can set up server-side on my VPS?\n\nMy VPS provider also lets me buy additional IPv4 addresses for the VPS, if I can't have them on the same IP address with different ports should I buy more IP addresses instead? How do I go about using different IP addresses for the same server?\n\nOr do I need to host these services on completely different VPSes and point towards the different IP addresses with A records?\n\nI've also heard of reverse proxies and that they might be able to achieve this, is this something I should look into or am I barking up the wrong tree here?\n\nI know this question betrays a complete lack of knowledge as to how networking works, so please bear with me. Before someone says \"well if you don't know this, you shouldn't be hosting all these services\", I have been finding the experience so far (i.e. just having set up my server with Nextcloud) to be fun and educational. I learn best by doing (I have ADHD and struggle with just reading books without doing any exercises alongside it) and I'd like to try host all these services just for the sake of the experience. I'm not hosting anything critical, it is purely for personal projects and I plan to have my friends on my Mastodon and Matrix servers. If this were for something serious I agree I'd get it managed by a professional sysadmin or at least someone who knows what they're doing, but this is just for fun.\n\nI don't need my hand completely held, like I don't need a step by step, but if I could at least be pointed towards concepts/things to research to achieve what I want, I would appreciate that. Literally if I could just be told search terms to look up that would be great, or if you have any more specific pointers than that with specific articles etc even better, or just explain on a high level how I would achieve this setup. Thanks in advance for any help!\n\nTLDR: Is it possible to host these different services on one VPS with one IP address on different ports? If so, how do I set up the DNS records accordingly with my subdomains? If not, how should I achieve hosting these different services on different subdomains, preferably on the same VPS if at all possible?\n\nEdit: Thank you for all the responses, sorry I couldn't give everyone an individual response, but I'm grateful for all the help. I'll look into reverse proxies :) Appreciate it!","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-10-21T17:27:59.119610Z","updated":"2024-10-22T14:48:32.455225Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1159352","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12472633,"score":1,"upvotes":1,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-11-01T00:17:06.430632Z","child_count":0},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false},{"comment":{"id":12254698,"creator_id":12928092,"post_id":14343647,"content":"Thank you! That's very helpful.\n\nAs an aside/follow up question, I set up Nextcloud with their [all in one container](https://github.com/nextcloud/all-in-one). I see they've got separate instructions for [setting it up behind a reverse proxy](https://github.com/nextcloud/all-in-one/blob/main/reverse-proxy.md). Is there a need to start from scratch and follow the reverse proxy instructions or can I somehow transfer my Nextcloud instance to be behind a reverse proxy?","removed":false,"published":"2024-10-22T14:52:26.205057Z","deleted":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/comment/2362795","local":false,"path":"0.12236559.12254698","distinguished":false,"language_id":37},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"post":{"id":14343647,"name":"Noob question about hosting multiple services on one server and DNS records","body":"Hi there, I will preface this by saying that I'm brand new to server stuff. I have used Linux for a very long time as a personal desktop computer, but not as a server exposed to the internet. I've previously only hosted Minecraft servers for my friends and also once had a VPS for a Discord bot, but otherwise never touched servers.\n\nI've bought a VPS and domain name (let's call it `domain.com`) and have spun up a Nextcloud instance with it, currently at `cloud.domain.com`. It's all working smoothly and I'm happy with it.\n\nI wanted to use this VPS to host multiple services. Currently wanting to self-host the following:\n\n* Mail server\n* Mastodon instance\n* Matrix server\n* Static website (on `domain.com`)\n* Forgejo instance\n* Possibly other miscellaneous things I might want to put on it, but that's what I'm planning for now\n\nNow this is where the noob question comes in. I want to use this same VPS to host these services, probably as Docker containers, under subdomains like `mail.domain.com`, `mastodon.domain.com`, `matrix.domain.com`, etc, with the root domain being used to host my static website. Is it possible to do this all on one VPS? What about all on one IP address just using different ports? e.g. could I have `mastodon.domain.com` pointing to the same IP address as `cloud.domain.com` but just a different port? How do I set up the DNS records to do this?\n\nCurrently I have an A record at `domain.com` pointing to my VPS's IP address (so I can ssh into it with `ssh 0v0@domain.com`) and a CNAME record at `cloud.domain.com` pointing to `domain.com`. This was kind of a complete guess as to how to set this up as this is my first time managing a domain name and I didn't know anything about DNS records before doing this. It seems to work with my current setup of just using the VPS for Nextcloud but obviously I want to do more with this VPS, either that or I'd like to reduce the specs of this VPS to save money as I picked an option that I imagined would be capable of hosting all these things. Is it possible to set up DNS records such that when you connect to `subdomain.domain.com` it connects you to a specific port? Or is that not something DNS records can do, but I can set up server-side on my VPS?\n\nMy VPS provider also lets me buy additional IPv4 addresses for the VPS, if I can't have them on the same IP address with different ports should I buy more IP addresses instead? How do I go about using different IP addresses for the same server?\n\nOr do I need to host these services on completely different VPSes and point towards the different IP addresses with A records?\n\nI've also heard of reverse proxies and that they might be able to achieve this, is this something I should look into or am I barking up the wrong tree here?\n\nI know this question betrays a complete lack of knowledge as to how networking works, so please bear with me. Before someone says \"well if you don't know this, you shouldn't be hosting all these services\", I have been finding the experience so far (i.e. just having set up my server with Nextcloud) to be fun and educational. I learn best by doing (I have ADHD and struggle with just reading books without doing any exercises alongside it) and I'd like to try host all these services just for the sake of the experience. I'm not hosting anything critical, it is purely for personal projects and I plan to have my friends on my Mastodon and Matrix servers. If this were for something serious I agree I'd get it managed by a professional sysadmin or at least someone who knows what they're doing, but this is just for fun.\n\nI don't need my hand completely held, like I don't need a step by step, but if I could at least be pointed towards concepts/things to research to achieve what I want, I would appreciate that. Literally if I could just be told search terms to look up that would be great, or if you have any more specific pointers than that with specific articles etc even better, or just explain on a high level how I would achieve this setup. Thanks in advance for any help!\n\nTLDR: Is it possible to host these different services on one VPS with one IP address on different ports? If so, how do I set up the DNS records accordingly with my subdomains? If not, how should I achieve hosting these different services on different subdomains, preferably on the same VPS if at all possible?\n\nEdit: Thank you for all the responses, sorry I couldn't give everyone an individual response, but I'm grateful for all the help. I'll look into reverse proxies :) Appreciate it!","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-10-21T17:27:59.119610Z","updated":"2024-10-22T14:48:32.455225Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1159352","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"counts":{"comment_id":12254698,"score":2,"upvotes":2,"downvotes":0,"published":"2024-10-22T14:52:26.205057Z","child_count":2},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"creator_blocked":false}],"posts":[{"post":{"id":14774516,"name":"[SOLVED] Tech support: Postfix + Dovecot mail server, can't receive mail or log in via Thunderbird","body":"Hi there, was thinking around of the best place to post this. Initially I thought maybe the Dovecot mailing list but I'm not sure if this is a Dovecot issue or if the issue lies with Postfix, so I figured maybe a more general Linux community. If people have suggestions about where I could post this that may have more people see it who are able/willing to help, I would also appreciate that.\n\nI apologise, this post will probably be quite long, so I really do appreciate if anyone takes the time to read it and give advice.\n\nAnyway, I was following [this tutorial](https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setup-basic-postfix-mail-sever-ubuntu) to set up a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot. The tutorial is for Ubuntu but I am using an Alpine Linux server, however the tutorial mostly concerns configuring Postfix and Dovecot which is distro-independent.\n\n# Deviations from the tutorial\n\nI followed the tutorial with the exceptions of the following (deviations listed in order of the part of the tutorial they deviated from, so hopefully this is easy to follow linearly):\n\nMy server's hostname is `domain.com` not `mail.domain.com` (`mail.domain.com` is what my MX record points to), but this shouldn't really matter as I configured postfix with:\n\n```conf\nmyhostname=mail.domain.com\nmydomain=domain.com\n```\n\nI installed packages with `apk` not `apt` obviously, and installed Postfix with `doas apk add postfix`.\n\nI didn't get the ncurses Postfix configuration popup when I installed or started Postfix.\n\nAlpine doesn't auto-start the Postfix service, so I did\n\n```sh\ndoas rc-update add postfix default\ndoas rc-service postfix start\n```\n\nI used `doas apk add mailutils --update-cache --repository https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/` to install and test the mail program.\n\nI didn't increase attachment size limit.\n\nAlpine doesn't seem to have a `dovecot-imapd` package, so I just installed `dovecot` and `dovecot-lmtpd`.\n\nWhen configuring `/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`, I also set `Drafts`, `Junk`, and `Sent Messages` to auto-create as well as `Trash`.\n\nI started the `dovecot` service the same way I did postfix above.\n\n# What works\n\nI can send mail with `sendmail` and GNU mailutils `mail`. The following works:\n\n```sh\necho \"test email\" | sendmail my@email.com\n```\n\nAnd\n\n```sh\nmail -a FROM:me@domain.com my@email.com\n```\n\n(where `domain.com` is my Postfix mail server, and `my@email.com` is my existing email address with an external provider)\n\nThe above results in me receiving the email in my spam folder at `my@email.com` from `me@domain.com`, email all appears normal to me.\n\n# The issue\n\nI've noticed two problems which may be related.\n\n## Can't log into Thunderbird\n\nFirstly, I can't log into Thunderbird. I get the following error:\n\n![](https://scribe.disroot.org/pictrs/image/bbc8077f-c68f-4bb0-b735-3c8a7305a3d6.png)\n\n(Transcription: Unable to log in at server. Probably wrong configuration, username or password.)\n\nTo log in, I am entering my email address at `user@domain.com`, where `user` is my UNIX user (which is part of the `mail` group), and `domain.com` is my domain. I entered my password as my user account's password.\n\nThunderbird seems to recognise my mail server as it auto configured to the following:\n\nINCOMING: IMAP, hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 993, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user` (i.e. without the `@domain.com`)\n\nOUTGOING: hostname `mail.domain.com`, port 465, SSL/TLS, normal password, username `user`\n\nI have also tried the same configuration with `STARTTLS` and ports 143 and 587, to the same error.\n\n## Can't receive mail\n\nI've also tried to send myself emails from my other email addresses. I've tried two of my external email addresses so far. My email clients say they've sent the emails and they appear in my Sent folder, however my Protonmail has sent me some emails today from their mailer daemon complaining that `\nYour email could not be delivered for more than 12 hour(s).`:\n\n```\n: host domain.com[MY IP] said: 454 4.7.1\n : Relay access denied (in reply to RCPT TO command)\n```\n\nI've checked `/var/log/messages` (which is the Alpine Linux syslog) and found the following, which I don't know how to interpret:\n\n```\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: connect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]\nNov 2 17:57:03 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: Anonymous TLS connection established from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (prime256v1)\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=ESMTP helo=\nNov 2 17:57:04 domain mail.info postfix/smtpd[28188]: disconnect from mail-41103.protonmail.ch[185.70.41.103] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=6/8\n```\n\nI have dovecot configured to use the maildir format (or at least I think I do; I followed the tutorial to set it up to use maildir) but I don't see anything in my `~/Maildir` directory.\n\nRunning GNU `mail` results in the output:\n\n```\nCannot open mailbox /var/mail/user: No such file or directory\nNo mail for user\n```\n\n# My configuration\n\nOutput of `postconf -n`:\n\n```\ncommand_directory = /usr/sbin\ncompatibility_level = 3.9\ndaemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix\ndata_directory = /var/lib/postfix\ndebug_peer_level = 2\ndebugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5\nhome_mailbox = Maildir/\nhtml_directory = no\ninet_protocols = ipv4\nmail_owner = postfix\nmailbox_size_limit = 0\nmailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp\nmailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq\nmanpage_directory = /usr/share/man\nmeta_directory = /etc/postfix\nmydomain = domain.com\nmyhostname = mail.domain.com\nmyorigin = $mydomain\nnewaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases\nqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfix\nreadme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/readme\nsample_directory = /etc/postfix\nsendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail\nsetgid_group = postdrop\nshlib_directory = /usr/lib/postfix\nsmtp_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks\nsmtp_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtp_tls_security_level = may\nsmtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache\nsmtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/fullchain.pem\nsmtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.domain.com/privkey.pem\nsmtpd_tls_loglevel = 1\nsmtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3, !TLSv1, !TLSv1.1\nsmtpd_tls_security_level = may\nsmtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache\nsmtputf8_enable = no\nunknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550\n```\n\nOutput of `doveconf -n`:\n\n```\n# 2.3.21.1 (d492236fa0): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\n# OS: Linux 6.6.58-0-lts x86_64 \n# Hostname: domain.com\nauth_debug = yes\nauth_mechanisms = plain login\nauth_username_format = %n\nauth_verbose = yes\nlog_path = /var/log/dovecot.log\nmail_debug = yes\nmail_location = maildir:~/Maildir\nmail_privileged_group = mail\nmbox_write_locks = fcntl\nnamespace inbox {\n inbox = yes\n location = \n mailbox Drafts {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Drafts\n }\n mailbox Junk {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Junk\n }\n mailbox Sent {\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox \"Sent Messages\" {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Sent\n }\n mailbox Trash {\n auto = create\n special_use = \\Trash\n }\n prefix = \n}\npassdb {\n args = scheme=CRYPT username_format=%u /etc/dovecot/users\n driver = passwd-file\n}\nprotocols = imap lmtp lmtp\nservice auth {\n unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0660\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nservice lmtp {\n unix_listener lmtp {\n group = postfix\n mode = 0600\n user = postfix\n }\n}\nssl = required\nssl_cert = rip= lport=993 rport=59318 local_name=mail.domain.com resp=\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Performing passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): lookup: user=user file=/etc/dovecot/users\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Info: passwd-file(user,,): unknown user\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: passwd-file(user,,): Finished passdb lookup\nNov 02 18:11:11 auth: Debug: auth(user,,): Auth request finished\nNov 02 18:11:13 auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL 3 user=user original_user=user@domain.com\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user\nNov 02 18:11:13 imap-login: Info: Disconnected: Connection closed (auth failed, 3 attempts in 22 secs): user=, method=PLAIN, rip=, lip=, TLS, session=\n```\n\nThanks for reading this fairly long post. Do ask if I need to provide any more configs, logs, etc. Appreciate any help, thanks in advance","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","updated":"2024-11-03T00:49:14.303952Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1229467","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"counts":{"post_id":14774516,"comments":16,"score":21,"upvotes":23,"downvotes":2,"published":"2024-11-02T18:34:01.247660Z","newest_comment_time":"2024-11-03T17:58:27.972925Z"},"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"read":false,"hidden":false,"creator_blocked":false,"unread_comments":16},{"post":{"id":14343647,"name":"Noob question about hosting multiple services on one server and DNS records","body":"Hi there, I will preface this by saying that I'm brand new to server stuff. I have used Linux for a very long time as a personal desktop computer, but not as a server exposed to the internet. I've previously only hosted Minecraft servers for my friends and also once had a VPS for a Discord bot, but otherwise never touched servers.\n\nI've bought a VPS and domain name (let's call it `domain.com`) and have spun up a Nextcloud instance with it, currently at `cloud.domain.com`. It's all working smoothly and I'm happy with it.\n\nI wanted to use this VPS to host multiple services. Currently wanting to self-host the following:\n\n* Mail server\n* Mastodon instance\n* Matrix server\n* Static website (on `domain.com`)\n* Forgejo instance\n* Possibly other miscellaneous things I might want to put on it, but that's what I'm planning for now\n\nNow this is where the noob question comes in. I want to use this same VPS to host these services, probably as Docker containers, under subdomains like `mail.domain.com`, `mastodon.domain.com`, `matrix.domain.com`, etc, with the root domain being used to host my static website. Is it possible to do this all on one VPS? What about all on one IP address just using different ports? e.g. could I have `mastodon.domain.com` pointing to the same IP address as `cloud.domain.com` but just a different port? How do I set up the DNS records to do this?\n\nCurrently I have an A record at `domain.com` pointing to my VPS's IP address (so I can ssh into it with `ssh 0v0@domain.com`) and a CNAME record at `cloud.domain.com` pointing to `domain.com`. This was kind of a complete guess as to how to set this up as this is my first time managing a domain name and I didn't know anything about DNS records before doing this. It seems to work with my current setup of just using the VPS for Nextcloud but obviously I want to do more with this VPS, either that or I'd like to reduce the specs of this VPS to save money as I picked an option that I imagined would be capable of hosting all these things. Is it possible to set up DNS records such that when you connect to `subdomain.domain.com` it connects you to a specific port? Or is that not something DNS records can do, but I can set up server-side on my VPS?\n\nMy VPS provider also lets me buy additional IPv4 addresses for the VPS, if I can't have them on the same IP address with different ports should I buy more IP addresses instead? How do I go about using different IP addresses for the same server?\n\nOr do I need to host these services on completely different VPSes and point towards the different IP addresses with A records?\n\nI've also heard of reverse proxies and that they might be able to achieve this, is this something I should look into or am I barking up the wrong tree here?\n\nI know this question betrays a complete lack of knowledge as to how networking works, so please bear with me. Before someone says \"well if you don't know this, you shouldn't be hosting all these services\", I have been finding the experience so far (i.e. just having set up my server with Nextcloud) to be fun and educational. I learn best by doing (I have ADHD and struggle with just reading books without doing any exercises alongside it) and I'd like to try host all these services just for the sake of the experience. I'm not hosting anything critical, it is purely for personal projects and I plan to have my friends on my Mastodon and Matrix servers. If this were for something serious I agree I'd get it managed by a professional sysadmin or at least someone who knows what they're doing, but this is just for fun.\n\nI don't need my hand completely held, like I don't need a step by step, but if I could at least be pointed towards concepts/things to research to achieve what I want, I would appreciate that. Literally if I could just be told search terms to look up that would be great, or if you have any more specific pointers than that with specific articles etc even better, or just explain on a high level how I would achieve this setup. Thanks in advance for any help!\n\nTLDR: Is it possible to host these different services on one VPS with one IP address on different ports? If so, how do I set up the DNS records accordingly with my subdomains? If not, how should I achieve hosting these different services on different subdomains, preferably on the same VPS if at all possible?\n\nEdit: Thank you for all the responses, sorry I couldn't give everyone an individual response, but I'm grateful for all the help. I'll look into reverse proxies :) Appreciate it!","creator_id":12928092,"community_id":20,"removed":false,"locked":false,"published":"2024-10-21T17:27:59.119610Z","updated":"2024-10-22T14:48:32.455225Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"ap_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/post/1159352","local":false,"language_id":37,"featured_community":false,"featured_local":false},"creator":{"id":12928092,"name":"0v0","banned":false,"published":"2024-10-20T20:42:28.640843Z","actor_id":"https://scribe.disroot.org/u/0v0","local":false,"deleted":false,"bot_account":false,"instance_id":4197},"community":{"id":20,"name":"linux","title":"Linux","description":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nLinux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).\n\nDistributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word \"Linux\" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.\n\n\n### Rules\n* Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.\n* No misinformation\n* No NSFW content\n* No hate speech, bigotry, etc \n\n### Related Communities\n* [!opensource@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/opensource)\n* [!libre_culture@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_culture) \n* [!technology@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/technology) \n* [!libre_hardware@lemmy.ml](https://lemmy.ml/c/libre_hardware) \n\nCommunity icon by [Alpár-Etele Méder](https://www.iconfinder.com/pocike), licensed under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)","removed":false,"published":"2019-06-01T15:07:36.179766Z","updated":"2022-06-18T17:36:20.924834Z","deleted":false,"nsfw":false,"actor_id":"https://lemmy.ml/c/linux","local":false,"icon":"https://lemmy.ml/pictrs/image/q98XK4sKtw.png","hidden":false,"posting_restricted_to_mods":false,"instance_id":16,"visibility":"Public"},"creator_banned_from_community":false,"banned_from_community":false,"creator_is_moderator":false,"creator_is_admin":false,"counts":{"post_id":14343647,"comments":13,"score":26,"upvotes":27,"downvotes":1,"published":"2024-10-21T17:27:59.119610Z","newest_comment_time":"2024-11-01T00:17:06.430632Z"},"subscribed":"NotSubscribed","saved":false,"read":false,"hidden":false,"creator_blocked":false,"unread_comments":13}],"moderates":[]}