This one goes the other way. It was first patented in the 80s before the movie came out. It just wasn't a big thing yet. I assume it's had improved properties since then, but the process already existed.
Unfortunately this is a time travel paradox. It wouldn't have even been patented if the crew hadn't gone back in time and needed it to transport a whale back to the future. I fully support the claim that Star Trek did it first in the future.
The StarTrek episode with the transparent Aluminium was from 1986, transparent Aluminium was invented in 1985, but at this time they don't have the tecnologic measures to produce significant ammounts. Even today it's relative expensive to produce, ~$15 per Square inch.