Catalyst doesn't exist anymore, it was replaced by AMDGPU-PRO years ago.
The Radeon Mesa driver (radeonsi) is generally faster than AMDGPU-PRO OpenGL for gaming, and has been for years. On the Vulkan side, performance is usually fairly close between the Mesa driver (RADV), AMDVLK and AMDGPU-PRO.
AMDGPU is just the kernel driver, which is used by both the Mesa drivers and AMDGPU-PRO, so why is it listed separately?
For Intel, I think the hardware was holding it back more than the driver, especially since they've replaced the classic Mesa drivers with Gallium based ones. But now they're doing the Arc stuff.
I don't know if I would say that Nvidia proprietary runs well
I currently have an Arc A770 LE, haven’t benchmarked it under Linux but have done plenty of Blender renders under GPU compute as well as played plenty of games and so far haven’t experienced any issues under the Mesa driver